Scalable Deep Learning, Mechanistic Interpretability & Systems

Research Focus: Multimodal Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) · Reverse-Mode Automatic Differentiation · Distributed Training Systems · High-Throughput Inference

Education: MS in Computer Science @ UET Lahore (2026–Present) · BS in Computer Science @ FAST NUCES Islamabad

Prior Research & Industry Experience: CodeNinja Inc. · Parallel Computing Networks · Replit

I am an researcher with a focused interest in mechanistic interpretability and scalable deep learning systems, working toward PhD, My primary research investigates Multimodal Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) as a framework for disentangling and interpreting latent representations across modalities , probing whether the sparse, overcomplete dictionaries learned by SAEs faithfully recover functionally meaningful features in large neural networks. This work sits at the intersection of representation learning and interpretability, with implications for model transparency and safety.

A second thread of my research concerns the foundational mechanics of automatic differentiation, particularly reverse-mode AD , understanding its computational graph semantics, memory-compute trade-offs, and how these constraints propagate to the design of large-scale training systems. I am interested in how rigorous mathematical formalism here translates to real efficiency gains in practice.

More broadly, I design and study distributed training pipelines and inference architectures using frameworks such as Ray and PyTorch to explore how systems-level decisions interact with learning dynamics at scale. I also write about my research and technical explorations in a series of blog posts, which you can find in the Blogs section.

Research Highlights & Announcements

Featured Research: Interpreting & Steering Spatial Reasoning via Multimodal Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) — Investigating whether multimodal SAEs can identify, isolate, and causally steer spatial reasoning features inside vision-language models without semantic drift.

This project evaluates cross-modal alignment and causal intervention techniques inside transformer backbones. We train high-capacity sparse autoencoders over residual stream activations to discover monosemantic spatial directions that govern coordinate mapping and relational reasoning.

New Interactive Lesson: Foundations of Automatic Differentiation: Primitives, Jacobians, and Evaluation Traces — A rigorous exploration of how modern deep learning frameworks execute reverse-mode AD and vector-Jacobian products (VJPs).

Latest Research & Articles

BLEU Metric in NLP Evaluation

A mathematical breakdown of precision clipping, brevity penalties, and n-gram overlap in evaluating machine translation and text generation systems.

December 10, 2023
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Professional Experience

Machine Learning Engineer • CodeNinja Inc.

12/2024 – 04/2026 · Lahore, Pakistan

Orchestrated distributed model training and data pipelines using Ray with GPU-aware scheduling. Engineered real-time anomaly detection pipelines for high-volume transactions using deep autoencoders, optimized end-to-end inference (reducing latency by 42%), and built production RAG systems with vector databases.

AI Researcher • Parallel Computing Networks

11/2023 – 11/2024 · Islamabad, Pakistan

Designed and deployed scalable data pipelines for multimodal datasets. Optimized distributed training workflows using PyTorch Distributed and Ray (reducing training times by 25%), fine-tuned transformers via PEFT/LoRA, and maintained MLOps infrastructure using Kubeflow and Airflow.

System Programmer (Rust) • Replit

08/2022 – 12/2023 · San Francisco, USA (Remote)

Engineered high-performance data processing services in Rust with Tokio for low-latency data flows. Optimized PostgreSQL access layers and applied performance profiling to achieve a 30% reduction in processing latency.

Technical Toolkit

PyTorch JAX Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) Transformers & PEFT Ray Distributed MLOps & Docker Rust & Tokio Python FastAPI Vector Databases & RAG Time-Series & LSTMs Computer Vision & YOLO